Ensuring No Citizen is Left Behind: Inclusivity in Tanzania’s Voter Registration Exercise

How Biometric Technology is Revolutionising Voter Registration in Tanzania

Tanzania is taking monumental strides toward electoral integrity with its 2025 voter registration exercise, spearheaded by Hon. Justice of Appeal Jacobs Mwambegele and the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). From publishing the Preliminary Voter’s Register to refining the Permanent Voter’s Register, this nationwide initiative combines cutting-edge biometric technology, inclusive outreach strategies, and rigorous training for Ward-level Electoral Officers. Covering fifteen regions, including Iringa, Rukwa, and Katavi, the exercise addresses challenges such as remote area accessibility, duplicate entries, and marginalized group inclusion. Through swearing-in ceremonies, mobile units, and transparent grievance mechanisms, Tanzania is laying the foundation for fair, credible, and representative elections. Discover how these efforts are transforming the nation’s democratic culture while fostering public trust and accountability.

In the rolling hills of Iringa and the bustling streets of Sumbawanga, a quiet but monumental effort is underway to fortify the very backbone of democracy in Tanzania. On April 29, 2025, Hon. Justice of Appeal Jacobs Mwambegele, Chairman of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), stood before a group of dedicated Ward-level Electoral Officers at a training session in Iringa Municipal Council. His message was clear: “The integrity of our electoral process begins with you.” This sentiment underscores an ambitious nationwide initiative—the improvement of Tanzania’s Permanent Voters Register (PVR) alongside the publication of the Preliminary Voters Register (PVR). As these critical exercises unfold across fifteen regions from May 1 to May 7, 2025, they represent not just administrative tasks but a profound commitment to ensuring every Tanzanian voice counts.

Why Voter Registration Matters

In any functioning democracy, voter registration serves as the bedrock upon which free and fair elections are built. It is the first step in ensuring that every eligible citizen has a voice in shaping their nation’s future. In Tanzania—a country with a rich history of political evolution since independence—the importance of an accurate and inclusive voters’ register cannot be overstated. Without a reliable foundation, even the most well-intentioned electoral processes risk being undermined by disputes, disenfranchisement, and distrust.

The Cornerstone of Fair Elections

At its core, voter registration ensures that only eligible citizens participate in elections, while preventing fraudulent activities such as multiple voting or impersonation. A robust register guarantees transparency, accountability, and legitimacy—qualities essential for maintaining public confidence in the electoral system. For instance, when voters trust that their names appear correctly on the register, they are more likely to turn out at polling stations. Conversely, errors or omissions can lead to frustration, apathy, and allegations of bias, all of which erode faith in democratic institutions.

In Tanzania, where elections have historically been closely contested, the stakes are particularly high. An inaccurate register could sway results, spark legal challenges, or even incite unrest. This makes the current efforts to improve the Permanent Voter’s Register (PVR) not just an administrative task, but a moral imperative—one that upholds the principles of equity and representation enshrined in the nation’s constitution.

Challenges from Past Registers

Despite its critical role, creating and maintaining an accurate voters’ register has proven challenging in practice. Previous iterations of Tanzania’s PVR have faced significant hurdles, some of which persist today. Two recurring issues stand out: duplicate entries and excluded citizens.

Duplicate Entries
Duplicate registrations occur when the same individual appears more than once on the register, often due to clerical errors or outdated systems. During past elections, instances of “ghost voters”—entries attributed to deceased individuals or fictitious persons—have raised suspicions of manipulation. Not only does this distort electoral outcomes, but it also fuels public cynicism about the integrity of the process. For example, following the 2020 general election, opposition parties lodged numerous complaints citing irregularities linked to duplicated names. These controversies underscored the urgent need for modernisation and stricter oversight.
Excluded Citizens
Equally, troubling is the problem of exclusion, where eligible voters find themselves omitted from the register altogether. This issue disproportionately affects marginalised groups, including women in rural areas, youth, and internally displaced persons. In regions like Rukwa and Katavi, limited access to registration centres and inadequate awareness campaigns have left thousands unaccounted for. Such exclusions violate fundamental rights and perpetuate systemic inequalities, undermining the very essence of democracy.
Logistical and Technological Barriers
The sheer size and diversity of Tanzania pose additional challenges. With over 58 million people spread across vast geographical areas, reaching every corner of the country requires meticulous planning and substantial resources. In the past, manual record-keeping methods led to inefficiencies and inconsistencies. Even after transitioning to digital systems, technical glitches and power shortages in remote areas have occasionally disrupted operations, further complicating matters.
Political Interference
Another persistent concern is the potential for political interference. Allegations of partisan bias in previous registers have cast doubt on their impartiality. Whether through deliberate manipulation or inadvertent oversight, skewed data threatens to tilt the playing field against certain candidates or parties. To address these concerns, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) has introduced measures such as mandatory oath-taking ceremonies for electoral officers, requiring them to renounce political affiliations and pledge neutrality.

Lessons Learned and Moving Forward

Recognising these challenges, Tanzania has taken decisive steps to strengthen its voter registration framework. The ongoing initiative to publish the Preliminary Voter’s Register while simultaneously improving the Permanent Voters Register reflects a dual commitment: transparency and inclusivity. By inviting citizens to scrutinise the preliminary list and provide feedback, INEC aims to correct errors before they become entrenched. Meanwhile, advanced biometric technology promises to eliminate duplicates and verify identities with greater precision.

However, success hinges not only on technological advancements but also on community engagement. Public participation remains crucial; without active involvement from ordinary Tanzanians, no system—no matter how sophisticated—can achieve perfection. Civic education campaigns must therefore accompany these technical improvements, empowering citizens to understand their rights and responsibilities.

A Foundation Worth Building On

Ultimately, voter registration is more than a bureaucratic exercise—it is a testament to a nation’s dedication to democracy. Each name added to the register represents a promise kept, each correction made signifies progress toward fairness. As Tanzania prepares for another round of electoral exercises, the lessons of the past serve as both cautionary tales and guiding lights. By addressing historical shortcomings and embracing innovative solutions, the country moves closer to realising its vision of a truly representative and equitable society.

As Hon. Justice of Appeal Jacobs Mwambegele aptly put it during his visit to Iringa: “An accurate voters’ register is not merely a tool for elections; it is a declaration of our collective will to govern ourselves justly.” Indeed, the work underway today lays the groundwork for a brighter tomorrow—one where every Tanzanian can proudly say, “My vote counts.”

Justice Mwambegele’s Leadership Role: Guiding Tanzania’s Electoral Reforms

In the intricate tapestry of democratic governance, leadership plays a pivotal role in steering reforms that ensure fairness, transparency, and inclusivity. Nowhere is this more evident than in the work of Hon. Justice of Appeal Jacobs Mwambegele, Chairman of Tanzania’s Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). His stewardship has been instrumental in shaping the ongoing electoral reforms, particularly the improvement of the Permanent Voters Register (PVR) and the publication of the Preliminary Voters Register (PVR). During his recent visit to Iringa on April 29, 2025, Justice Mwambegele delivered a compelling address that not only underscored the importance of these initiatives but also inspired confidence in the integrity of the electoral process.

The Role of INEC Leadership in Electoral Reforms

As the apex body responsible for overseeing elections, INEC carries an immense burden of responsibility. Its leadership must navigate complex challenges, from outdated systems to public scepticism, while ensuring compliance with constitutional mandates and international best practices. Under Justice Mwambegele’s guidance, INEC has adopted a proactive approach to reform, prioritising accuracy, accountability, and accessibility in voter registration.

One of the hallmarks of his tenure has been the emphasis on modernisation. Recognising the limitations of manual processes, Justice Mwambegele spearheaded the adoption of biometric technology to enhance the reliability of voter data. This shift represents more than just a technical upgrade—it signals a commitment to combating fraud and fostering trust among citizens. Furthermore, under his leadership, INEC has implemented rigorous training programmes for electoral officers, ensuring they are equipped with the skills and ethical grounding necessary to execute their duties impartially.

Justice Mwambegele has also championed transparency as a cornerstone of electoral management. By engaging directly with stakeholders—ranging from government officials to grassroots communities—he has sought to demystify the workings of INEC and dispel misconceptions about its operations. His hands-on approach, exemplified by visits like the one to Iringa, reinforces the message that electoral reforms are not abstract policies but tangible efforts involving real people and real lives.

Insights from Justice Mwambegele’s Address in Iringa

During his address to the Ward-level Electoral Officers at the Iringa Municipal Council, Justice Mwambegele struck a chord with both pragmatism and passion. Standing before a room filled with participants undergoing intensive training, he began by acknowledging the enormity of their task. “You are the custodians of our democracy,” he declared, “and the decisions you make today will resonate far beyond this room.”

He went on to share poignant reflections drawn from his extensive experience in jurisprudence and electoral oversight. Drawing parallels between judicial impartiality and electoral neutrality, he urged the officers to uphold the highest standards of integrity. “Just as a judge must remain unbiased in delivering verdicts, so too must you act without favour or prejudice in managing voter data,” he said. This analogy resonated deeply with the audience, many of whom had taken solemn oaths earlier in the day renouncing political affiliations.

Justice Mwambegele also addressed practical concerns, highlighting lessons learned from past elections. He recounted instances where disputes over voter eligibility had marred otherwise credible polls, stressing the need for meticulous attention to detail. “Every name added to the register is a promise kept; every correction made is a step toward justice,” he remarked. To illustrate this point, he cited examples from previous registers, such as duplicate entries attributed to deceased individuals or excluded citizens who were denied their rightful place in the electoral process.

Perhaps most memorably, he issued a rallying call to action. “This is not merely a job,” he told the gathered officers. “It is a mission—a mission to safeguard the voice of every Tanzanian citizen.” By framing their work in such aspirational terms, he instilled a sense of purpose that transcended routine administrative tasks. The applause that followed was not just polite acknowledgement, but heartfelt appreciation for a leader who understood the gravity of their role.

A Vision for the Future

Beyond the immediate objectives of improving the voters’ register, Justice Mwambegele articulated a broader vision for Tanzania’s electoral landscape. He spoke of building enduring institutions that could withstand the test of time, free from manipulation or bias. “Our goal is not perfection tomorrow,” he explained, “but continuous improvement today.” This pragmatic yet hopeful outlook reflects his belief in incremental progress as the pathway to lasting change.

His leadership style—characterised by humility, accessibility, and unwavering resolve—has earned him widespread respect across party lines. Even critics of INEC concede that Justice Mwambegele brings a level of gravitas and credibility that inspires confidence. Whether addressing seasoned bureaucrats or grassroots volunteers, he communicates with clarity and conviction, bridging divides and fostering unity around a shared purpose.

Challenges and Opportunities Ahead

While Justice Mwambegele’s leadership has undoubtedly strengthened INEC’s capacity to manage elections, significant challenges remain. Logistical constraints, technological vulnerabilities, and lingering public distrust pose formidable obstacles. Yet, under his watch, there is a palpable sense of determination to overcome these hurdles. Initiatives such as extended operating hours, mobile registration units, and transparent grievance mechanisms demonstrate a willingness to adapt and innovate.

Moreover, his emphasis on collaboration underscores the importance of collective effort. Electoral reforms cannot succeed through top-down directives alone; they require buy-in from all stakeholders, including civil society organisations, political parties, and ordinary citizens. By fostering dialogue and encouraging participation, Justice Mwambegele is laying the groundwork for a culture of shared ownership—one where everyone feels invested in the success of the electoral process.

A Leader for Democratic Progress

In conclusion, Justice Mwambegele’s leadership role within INEC epitomises the qualities needed to guide transformative electoral reforms. Through his strategic vision, moral authority, and ability to connect with diverse audiences, he has emerged as a unifying figure in Tanzania’s quest for fair and inclusive elections. As he reminded the officers in Iringa, “Democracy is not a gift bestowed upon us; it is a legacy we build together.” With leaders like Justice Mwambegele at the helm, Tanzania moves closer to realising that legacy—one accurate entry at a time.

Parallel Processes: Publishing and Improving Registers Simultaneously

In the intricate dance of electoral preparation, few tasks are as critical—or as complex—as managing voter registration. Tanzania’s Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) has embarked on a groundbreaking initiative by conducting two simultaneous processes: the publication of the Preliminary Voters Register and the improvement of the Permanent Voters Register . While these processes are distinct in their objectives, they are deeply interconnected, each reinforcing the other to ensure a more accurate, transparent, and inclusive electoral system. Understanding how these parallel efforts function—and why their interdependence is so vital—offers valuable insights into the sophistication of Tanzania’s approach to electoral reform.

What Does It Mean to Conduct Two Simultaneous Processes?

At its core, this dual-track strategy involves two complementary but separate activities happening concurrently:

Publication of the Preliminary Voter’s Register
This process entails releasing an initial version of the voters’ register for public scrutiny. The Preliminary Register is essentially a draft document that lists all eligible voters based on existing data. Citizens are invited to review the list, verify their details, and report any discrepancies or omissions. By opening the register to public inspection, INEC ensures transparency and accountability while allowing individuals to correct errors before the final version is produced.
Improvement of the Permanent Voters Register
Simultaneously, INEC is refining the Permanent Voters Register—the definitive database used during elections. This involves updating outdated information, removing duplicates or ineligible entries, and adding new voters who may have been missed in previous exercises. Advanced biometric technology plays a key role here, enabling precise identification and verification of individuals.

The beauty of this approach lies in its efficiency. Rather than completing one process before starting the other, INEC overlaps them, creating a dynamic feedback loop where improvements inform publication and vice versa. For example, when citizens identify errors in the Preliminary Register, those corrections feed directly into the ongoing enhancement of the Permanent Register. Conversely, updates made to the Permanent Register can be reflected in subsequent iterations of the Preliminary Register.

Why Are These Processes Interdependent?

The success of one process hinges on the progress of the other, making their relationship symbiotic. Here’s how they depend on each other:

Public Participation Drives Accuracy
The publication of the Preliminary Register serves as a call to action for citizens. By engaging the public early, INEC taps into a vast network of local knowledge. Ordinary Tanzanians are often best placed to spot inaccuracies—such as misspelled names, missing entries, or duplicate records. Without this phase, many errors might go unnoticed until it’s too late, jeopardising the credibility of the Permanent Register.
Data Validation Strengthens Transparency
As citizens validate their details in the Preliminary Register, they contribute to the overall robustness of the Permanent Register. Each correction reduces the risk of disputes during elections, enhancing trust in the system. Moreover, the act of publishing the preliminary data demonstrates INEC’s commitment to openness, countering allegations of secrecy or bias.
Technological Synergy Enhances Efficiency
Biometric equipment operators play a crucial role in both processes. During the improvement phase, they use advanced tools to capture and verify voter identities. Meanwhile, the same technology helps cross-check data against the Preliminary Register, ensuring consistency across both documents. This technological synergy minimises redundancy and accelerates progress.
Timely Feedback Loops Prevent Bottlenecks
Conducting these processes simultaneously allows for real-time adjustments. If a significant number of citizens report exclusions or duplications, INEC can address these issues promptly, rather than waiting until after the Preliminary Register is finalised. This iterative approach prevents bottlenecks and ensures smoother implementation down the line.
Building Public Confidence Through Collaboration
When citizens see their input reflected in the improved Permanent Register, it reinforces their belief in the fairness of the system. This collaborative model transforms voter registration from a top-down administrative task into a participatory exercise, strengthening the social contract between the state and its people.

Real-World Implications: Examples from Tanzania’s Regions

To illustrate the practical impact of these parallel processes, consider the experiences of regions like Iringa, Rukwa, and Katavi. In Iringa, Ward-level Electoral Officers trained under Justice Mwambegele’s guidance are actively encouraging residents to visit designated centres and review the Preliminary Register. At the same time, biometric equipment operators are stationed nearby to update the Permanent Register based on verified feedback.

In Sumbawanga, Registrar Mr. Frank Mateni highlighted the importance of this dual approach during his swearing-in ceremony. “By working on both registers at once,” he explained, “we save time and resources while ensuring no one is left behind.” Similarly, in Mpanda, Mr. Deodatus Kangu noted that overlapping processes help resolve ambiguities faster, citing cases where mobile units were dispatched to remote villages following reports of exclusions.

These examples underscore how the simultaneous execution of these processes not only streamlines operations but also maximises outreach, particularly in underserved areas.

Challenges in Managing Parallel Processes

While the benefits are clear, managing two concurrent processes is not without its challenges:

Coordination Complexity
Ensuring seamless coordination between teams responsible for publishing and improving the registers requires meticulous planning. Miscommunication or delays in one area can ripple through the entire operation.
Resource Constraints
Conducting both processes simultaneously demands substantial financial and logistical resources. From hiring additional staff to deploying biometric devices across fifteen regions, the strain on INEC’s capacity cannot be underestimated.
Public Awareness Gaps
Some citizens may struggle to understand the distinction between the Preliminary and Permanent Registers, leading to confusion about which document to consult or how to provide feedback. Effective civic education campaigns are therefore essential to bridge this gap.
Technical Vulnerabilities
Reliance on biometric technology introduces risks such as system failures or power outages, especially in rural areas with limited infrastructure. Contingency plans must be in place to mitigate these disruptions.

Despite these hurdles, INEC’s proactive measures—including extended operating hours, mobile units, and grievance mechanisms—demonstrate a commitment to overcoming obstacles and delivering results.

The Broader Significance of Parallel Processes

Beyond the immediate goal of producing an accurate voters’ register, this dual approach carries profound implications for Tanzania’s democracy. By involving citizens in the validation process, INEC fosters a culture of accountability and shared responsibility. It sends a powerful message that elections belong to the people—not just politicians or bureaucrats.

Moreover, the simultaneous publication and improvement of registers set a precedent for future electoral exercises. Should similar strategies be adopted globally, they could serve as a model for enhancing voter registration systems elsewhere, particularly in countries grappling with similar challenges.

A Blueprint for Success

The simultaneous publication and improvement of Tanzania’s voters’ registers exemplify ingenuity in action. Far from being mere bureaucratic exercises, these processes represent a bold step toward greater transparency, inclusivity, and efficiency. Their interdependence ensures that each step forward strengthens the foundation of the country’s electoral system.

As Hon. Justice of Appeal Jacobs Mwambegele aptly summarised during his visit to Iringa, “Democracy thrives when every voice is heard—and every name is counted.” By conducting these parallel processes, INEC is not only counting names, but also affirming the dignity and agency of every Tanzanian citizen. In doing so, it lays the groundwork for elections that are not only credible but truly representative—a testament to the enduring power of collective effort.

Regional Coordination Across Fifteen Regions: A Nationwide Effort

Tanzania’s vast and diverse landscape presents unique challenges for any national initiative, let alone one as intricate as voter registration. The current exercise to improve the Permanent Voter’s Register (PVR) and publish the Preliminary Voters Register spans fifteen regions, stretching from the fertile highlands of Iringa to the remote plains of Rukwa and the lush forests of Katavi. This ambitious undertaking requires meticulous regional coordination, ensuring that every corner of the country is accounted for while addressing localised needs and constraints. Through the tireless efforts of dedicated registrars like Mr. Frank Mateni in Sumbawanga and Mr. Deodatus Kangu in Mpanda, this nationwide endeavour exemplifies both unity and adaptability.

An Overview of the Geographic Scope

The fifteen regions participating in the simultaneous exercises are strategically distributed across Tanzania, reflecting the nation’s geographic and demographic diversity. These include:
- Southern Highlands: Iringa, Njombe, Mbeya, Ruvuma, and Songwe
- Western Corridor: Tabora, Katavi, and Rukwa
- Lake Zone: Geita, Mara, Kagera, Mwanza, and Simiyu
- Western Border: Kigoma
Each region brings its own set of opportunities and challenges. For instance, Iringa—known for its agricultural productivity and relatively developed infrastructure—is well-positioned to facilitate smooth operations. In contrast, regions like Rukwa and Katavi, characterised by rugged terrain and limited connectivity, require innovative solutions to reach dispersed populations.

Despite these variations, INEC has adopted a unified framework tailored to accommodate regional differences. By decentralising responsibilities to regional registrars, INEC ensures that local expertise informs decision-making, enhancing the effectiveness of the overall initiative.

Localized Preparations: Stories from the Ground

Behind the scenes of this monumental effort lie countless stories of dedication and ingenuity. Two such narratives come from Mr. Frank Mateni, Registrar of Sumbawanga Municipal Council in Rukwa Region, and Mr. Deodatus Kangu, Registration Officer of Mpanda Municipal Council in Katavi Region. Their experiences highlight the importance of localized preparations and the human element driving this national campaign.

1. Mr. Frank Mateni: Bridging Gaps in Remote Areas
  On April 29, 2025, Mr. Frank Mateni stood before a group of newly sworn-in electoral officers at Precious Hall in Sumbawanga Municipality. As he administered their oaths of secrecy, he reminded them of the critical role they play in bridging gaps between the state and its citizens. “In Rukwa,” he explained, “our challenge is not just about accuracy but accessibility.”

To address these concerns, Mr. Mateni oversaw the deployment of mobile registration units equipped with solar-powered biometric devices. These units travel to hard-to-reach villages, ensuring that even the most isolated communities have access to the registration process. He shared an anecdote about a village elder who walked several kilometres to verify his name on the Preliminary Register. “When I saw him smile after confirming his details,” Mr. Mateni recalled, “I knew we were making progress—not just in numbers but in trust.”

Mr. Deodatus Kangu: Fostering Neutrality Amidst Diversity
Meanwhile, in Mpanda, Mr. Deodatus Kangu faced a different kind of challenge: fostering neutrality in a politically polarised environment. During the swearing-in ceremony for Assistant Registrars and Biometric Equipment Operators, he emphasised the importance of renouncing political affiliations. “Our job is not to take sides,” he told the assembled officers, “but to serve all Tanzanians equally.”

Mr. Kangu also highlighted the need for cultural sensitivity when interacting with local communities. In Katavi, where traditional leadership structures remain influential, he worked closely with village elders to mobilise participation. One notable success came when a chief personally accompanied his constituents to the registration centre, encouraging them to review the Preliminary Register and report discrepancies. “Collaboration is key,” Mr. Kangu noted. “When leaders act as partners, the entire process becomes smoother.”

Tailoring Strategies to Regional Contexts

The diversity of Tanzania’s regions necessitates adaptable strategies that account for local conditions. Below are some examples of how different areas have approached the exercise:

Iringa Region: Known for its relatively strong infrastructure, Iringa has focused on maximising public engagement through targeted awareness campaigns. Justice Mwambegele’s visit underscored the importance of community involvement, with Ward-level Electoral Officers conducting door-to-door outreach to ensure no one is left behind.
Rukwa Region: Given its remoteness, Rukwa has prioritised mobility and inclusivity. Mobile units and extended operating hours cater to residents whose daily routines might otherwise prevent them from participating. Additionally, radio broadcasts in local languages have been instrumental in spreading information about the exercise.
Katavi Region: In Katavi, where literacy levels vary widely, visual aids and simplified instructions have proven effective. Mr. Kangu’s team has employed posters and demonstrations to guide participants through the registration process, reducing confusion and increasing efficiency.

Challenges and Innovations

While regional registrars have made remarkable strides, they continue to grapple with significant obstacles:

Logistical Hurdles
Transporting equipment and personnel to remote areas remains a persistent challenge, particularly in regions like Rukwa and Katavi. To overcome this, INEC has partnered with local authorities and civil society organisations to leverage existing networks and resources.
Technological Barriers
Power shortages and internet connectivity issues occasionally disrupt operations. However, innovations such as solar-powered devices and offline functionality have mitigated many of these risks.
Public Awareness Gaps
Ensuring widespread understanding of the dual processes—publishing the Preliminary Register and improving the Permanent Register—requires sustained communication efforts. Regional teams have responded by organising town hall meetings, distributing flyers, and collaborating with influential figures such as religious leaders and educators.
Time Constraints
With only seven days allocated for the exercise, time management is crucial. Registrars like Mr. Mateni and Mr. Kangu have implemented staggered schedules and contingency plans to optimise productivity without compromising quality.

The Power of Collaboration

What emerges from these regional efforts is a profound sense of collaboration—not just within individual teams but across the nation. From Iringa to Rukwa to Katavi, registrars share best practices, learn from each other’s experiences, and collectively strive toward a common goal. This spirit of cooperation reflects Tanzania’s ethos of Ujamaa (familyhood), reminding us that democracy is a shared responsibility.

As Mr. Frank Mateni aptly put it during his address in Sumbawanga, “We may be working in different regions, but we are part of the same family. Our success depends on how well we support one another.” Similarly, Mr. Deodatus Kangu echoed this sentiment in Mpanda, stating, “Every name added or corrected in one region strengthens the register for the whole nation.”

A Nation United in Purpose

The coordinated efforts across Tanzania’s fifteen regions demonstrate the resilience and determination of its people. Whether navigating logistical hurdles in Rukwa, fostering cultural sensitivity in Katavi, or maximising engagement in Iringa, regional registrars and their teams embody the principles of fairness, inclusivity, and transparency. Their work refines the voters’ register and reinforces the bonds that hold the nation together.

In the words of Hon. Justice of Appeal Jacobs Mwambegele, “A register built on trust is a register that endures.” Through their unwavering commitment, individuals like Mr. Frank Mateni and Mr. Deodatus Kangu are laying the groundwork for elections that reflect the true will of the people—a testament to the enduring power of collective effort.

Training Participants: The Unsung Heroes

Amid the grand machinery of electoral reform, it is easy to overlook the individuals who form its beating heart—the Ward-level Electoral Officers. These unsung heroes are the linchpin of Tanzania’s voter registration efforts, tasked with ensuring that every eligible citizen is accounted for, and every voice is heard. On April 29, 2025, in Iringa Municipal Council, Hon. Justice of Appeal Jacobs Mwambegele addressed a room full of such officers, acknowledging their pivotal role in shaping the nation’s democratic future. Undergoing intensive one-day training sessions, these officers emerge not just as administrators but as bridges between the state and its citizens—individuals entrusted with upholding transparency, fairness, and inclusivity at the grassroots level.

The Crucial Work of Ward-level Electoral Officers

Ward-level Electoral Officers are the foot soldiers of democracy, operating at the intersection of policy and practice. Their responsibilities span a wide array of tasks, from verifying voter eligibility to resolving disputes over inaccuracies in the Preliminary Voter’s Register. Each decision they make carries significant weight, influencing not only the accuracy of the register but also public confidence in the electoral process.
1. Data Verification and Validation
  At the core of their duties lies the meticulous task of verifying voter data. Using advanced biometric equipment, officers cross-check identities against existing records, ensuring that duplicates are eliminated and exclusions rectified. This requires not only technical proficiency but also acute attention to detail.
2. Public Engagement and Education
  Beyond administrative functions, these officers play a critical role in educating citizens about the importance of voter registration. They explain the distinction between the Preliminary and Permanent Registers, guide individuals through the validation process, and address concerns or misunderstandings. In doing so, they transform what might otherwise be a bureaucratic exercise into an empowering experience.
3. Conflict Resolution
  Disputes are inevitable in any large-scale operation. Whether it’s a case of mistaken identity or a missing entry, Ward-level Electoral Officers must act swiftly and impartially to resolve conflicts. Their ability to mediate fairly often determines whether citizens feel included or alienated by the process.
4. Ensuring Accessibility
  In regions with challenging terrain or limited infrastructure, officers go above and beyond to ensure accessibility. From setting up mobile units in remote villages to accommodating early risers during extended operating hours (from 2:00 AM to 12:00 PM), their adaptability ensures no one is left behind.
Intensive One-Day Training Sessions: Preparing for Excellence

To equip these officers for their demanding roles, INEC has designed rigorous one-day training programmes that blend theoretical knowledge with practical skills. These sessions cover a range of topics, including:
- Biometric Technology Operations: Officers learn how to use fingerprint scanners and facial recognition tools effectively, troubleshooting common issues that may arise.
- Ethical Conduct and Neutrality: Emphasis is placed on maintaining impartiality, as officers swear oaths renouncing political affiliations and pledging to serve all citizens equally.
- Communication Skills: Given their role as intermediaries, officers receive guidance on engaging respectfully and clearly with diverse audiences, particularly those with low literacy levels or limited understanding of the electoral process.
- Problem-Solving Techniques: Real-world scenarios are simulated to prepare officers for unexpected challenges, from power outages to heated disputes.
Justice Mwambegele underscored the gravity of their mission during his visit to Iringa. “You are not merely clerks,” he told the participants. “You are custodians of trust, tasked with safeguarding the integrity of our democracy.” His words resonated deeply, instilling a sense of purpose that transcended routine administrative tasks.

Acting as Bridges Between the State and Its Citizens

Perhaps the most profound aspect of the Ward-level Electoral Officers’ work is their role as bridges connecting the state to its citizens. In many ways, they embody the ideals of participatory governance, translating complex policies into tangible actions that ordinary Tanzanians can understand and engage with.

Demystifying the Process
For many citizens, the intricacies of voter registration can seem daunting. By breaking down procedures into simple steps and offering patient explanations, officers demystify the process, making it more accessible and less intimidating.
Building Trust Through Transparency
When officers listen attentively to citizens’ concerns and take immediate action to address them, they foster trust in the system. For example, if a farmer in Rukwa discovers his name is missing from the Preliminary Register and witnesses firsthand the officer’s efforts to rectify the error, he is more likely to view the exercise—and by extension, the government—as credible.
Empowering Marginalised Groups
Officers often encounter vulnerable populations, such as women in rural areas, youth, and internally displaced persons, who have historically been excluded from electoral processes. By actively seeking these groups and guiding them through registration, officers empower them to claim their rightful place in society.
Fostering Accountability
As direct representatives of INEC, officers serve as conduits for accountability. When citizens see officers adhering to strict ethical standards and prioritising accuracy, they gain confidence that the electoral process is being managed fairly.

Real-World Examples: Stories from the Field

To truly appreciate the impact of these officers, consider the following anecdotes:

In Iringa: A young officer named Sophia Haule recounted her interaction with an elderly woman who had walked miles to verify her details. Initially frustrated because she couldn’t find her name, the woman broke down in tears. Sophia calmly reassured her, checked the database again, and discovered a typographical error in the spelling of her surname. After correcting the mistake, the woman embraced Sophia, saying, “You’ve given me back my voice.”
In Rukwa: Mr. Frank Mateni shared the story of a team of officers who travelled to a village accessible only by motorcycle. Despite rough terrain and inclement weather, they successfully registered dozens of residents who had never before appeared on any voters’ list. “When we left,” Mr. Mateni said, “the villagers sang songs of gratitude—a reminder of why we do this work.”
In Katavi: Mr. Deodatus Kangu highlighted the ingenuity of one officer who used visual aids to explain the registration process to a group of illiterate farmers. By drawing diagrams and using hand gestures, the officer ensured everyone understood what was required, resulting in a surge of participation.

Challenges Faced by Officers

While their contributions are invaluable, Ward-level Electoral Officers face numerous challenges:

Long Hours and High Pressure
With only seven days allocated for the exercise, officers often work long shifts under immense pressure to meet targets while maintaining accuracy.
Limited Resources
In some regions, shortages of biometric devices or logistical support strain operations. Officers must improvise solutions, such as sharing equipment or extending outreach efforts manually.
Emotional Strain
Dealing with frustrated or anxious citizens takes a toll emotionally. Officers must balance empathy with professionalism, even in difficult situations.
Balancing Impartiality and Advocacy
While officers are expected to remain neutral, they must also advocate for citizens whose rights may be overlooked. Striking this balance requires skill and sensitivity.

Heroes in Plain Sight

Though they may not wear capes or command headlines, Ward-level Electoral Officers are undeniably heroes in plain sight. Their tireless efforts ensure that Tanzania’s voter registration exercise is not just an administrative milestone but a testament to the power of collective endeavour. As Justice Mwambegele aptly reminded them in Iringa, “Your work is the foundation upon which our democracy stands. Without you, there would be no fair elections, no true representation.”

Through their dedication, these officers bridge divides, build trust, and empower millions of Tanzanians to participate meaningfully in shaping their nation’s destiny. They remind us that democracy is not a distant ideal but a living reality, nurtured by the hands of those willing to serve selflessly.

Swearing-In Ceremonies: Upholding Integrity

In the pursuit of fair and credible elections, few moments carry as much weight or symbolism as the swearing-in ceremonies of electoral officers. These solemn rituals, conducted across Tanzania’s fifteen regions, are more than mere formalities—they are declarations of commitment to impartiality, accountability, and the greater good. During these ceremonies, officers publicly renounce political affiliations and pledge their neutrality, reinforcing the foundational principle that elections must be free from bias. The importance of this step cannot be overstated, as it directly impacts public confidence in the integrity of the electoral process.

The Solemnity of Oath-Taking Ceremonies

Imagine a hall filled with quiet anticipation, the air thick with purpose. In Sumbawanga Municipality, Rukwa Region, Registrar Mr. Frank Mateni stood before a group of newly appointed Assistant Registrars and Biometric Equipment Operators on April 29, 2025. One by one, they stepped forward to take an oath—a moment etched with gravity and reverence. Each officer raised their right hand, reciting words that bound them to uphold the highest ethical standards:

“I solemnly swear to perform my duties with honesty, impartiality, and diligence. I renounce all political affiliations and will serve all citizens equally, without fear or favour.”

The atmosphere was palpable, marked by a shared understanding of the responsibility entrusted to them. Similar scenes unfolded in Mpanda, Katavi Region, where Registration Officer Mr. Deodatus Kangu presided over another ceremony. As he reminded the participants, “This is not just an oath; it is a covenant with the people of Tanzania.”

These ceremonies are designed to instil a profound sense of duty and moral obligation. By requiring officers to renounce political affiliations, INEC ensures that personal biases do not influence their work. This act of disassociation underscores the principle that electoral officers are servants of the state—not agents of any particular party or ideology.

Renouncing Political Affiliations: A Necessary Step

The decision to mandate the renunciation of political affiliations is rooted in the recognition that even perceived bias can undermine public trust. In a country like Tanzania, where elections have historically been closely contested, allegations of partisanship can cast long shadows over the legitimacy of results. To address this concern, INEC has taken decisive steps to insulate its officers from accusations of favouritism.

Breaking Perceived Ties
By formally severing ties with political parties, officers signal their independence. This is particularly important in communities where political loyalties run deep, and suspicions of bias can fester if left unaddressed.
Ensuring Equal Treatment
When officers pledge to serve all citizens equally, they commit to treating every individual with respect and fairness, regardless of background or affiliation. This egalitarian approach fosters inclusivity, ensuring that no group feels marginalised or excluded.
Preventing Manipulation
Renouncing political affiliations also serves as a safeguard against manipulation. Officers who remain neutral are less vulnerable to pressure from external forces seeking to influence outcomes.
Building Institutional Credibility
The collective renunciation of political ties enhances the credibility of INEC as an institution. It sends a clear message that the commission prioritises transparency and integrity above all else.

The Importance of Neutrality in Maintaining Public Confidence

Neutrality is the cornerstone of public confidence in any electoral process. Without it, even the most meticulously planned exercises risk being dismissed as illegitimate. For citizens to believe in the fairness of elections, they must first trust the individuals managing those elections. Swearing-in ceremonies play a vital role in cultivating this trust by visibly demonstrating officers’ commitment to impartiality.

Transparency Breeds Trust
When officers publicly declare their neutrality, they invite scrutiny and accountability. Citizens are more likely to engage with the process when they see tangible evidence of safeguards against bias.
Reducing Disputes
Neutral officers are better equipped to resolve disputes fairly, minimising the likelihood of post-election conflicts. Their impartiality reassures aggrieved parties that decisions are based on facts, not favouritism.
Empowering Marginalised Groups
Neutrality ensures that marginalised groups—such as women, youth, and rural residents—are treated equitably. Officers who operate without prejudice help level the playing field, giving everyone an equal chance to participate.
Strengthening Democratic Values
At its heart, neutrality reinforces democratic values such as equality, justice, and representation. It reminds us that elections are not about advancing individual interests, but about reflecting the collective will of the people.

Real-World Examples: Stories of Dedication

To appreciate the impact of these ceremonies, consider the following stories:

In Sumbawanga: After taking his oath, Mr. Juma Mwakibete, an Assistant Registrar, recounted how a village elder approached him during the registration exercise. The elder expressed concern that his name had been omitted due to alleged bias. Mr. Mwakibete calmly reviewed the records, found the error, and corrected it promptly. “When I showed him the updated register,” Mr. Mwakibete recalled, “he smiled and said, ‘I believe you now.’ That’s what neutrality means—it builds trust.”
In Mpanda: Ms. Mary Temu, a Biometric Equipment Operator, described her experience resolving a dispute between two villagers claiming ownership of the same identity. By adhering strictly to protocol and remaining impartial throughout the investigation, she earned praise from both parties. “They shook hands in the end,” she said, “and thanked me for being fair.”
In Iringa: Justice Mwambegele highlighted the story of an officer who resisted pressure from a local politician attempting to influence the inclusion of ineligible names. “Her courage inspired others,” he noted, “and proved that integrity is contagious.”

Challenges in Upholding Neutrality

While swearing-in ceremonies set the tone for impartiality, maintaining neutrality in practice can be challenging. Officers often face:

External Pressure
In politically charged environments, officers may encounter attempts to sway their decisions. Resisting such pressures requires resilience and strong ethical grounding.
Community Expectations
In tight-knit communities, officers may struggle to balance professional obligations with social expectations. Remaining neutral while interacting with friends, family, or neighbours can be difficult.
Misinterpretation of Actions
Even well-intentioned actions can sometimes be misinterpreted as bias. Officers must therefore communicate clearly and document their decisions meticulously to avoid misunderstandings.
Emotional Fatigue
Constantly navigating sensitive situations takes an emotional toll. Officers must find ways to manage stress while upholding their commitments.

Guardians of Trust

Swearing-in ceremonies are not just rituals—they are transformative experiences that shape the ethos of those entrusted with safeguarding democracy. By renouncing political affiliations and pledging neutrality, electoral officers become guardians of trust, standing firm against the tides of bias and manipulation. Their dedication ensures that Tanzania’s voter registration exercise remains a beacon of transparency and fairness.

As Justice Mwambegele poignantly remarked during his visit to Iringa, “An oath is a promise to the people—a promise that we will protect their voices and honour their votes.” Through their unwavering commitment, these officers remind us that integrity is not just a value but a lifeline for democracy.

Technology Meets Tradition: Biometric Equipment Operators

In Tanzania’s ongoing voter registration exercise, the integration of biometric technology marks a significant leap forward in modernising electoral processes. This fusion of cutting-edge innovation with time-honoured traditions of community engagement underscores INEC’s commitment to accuracy, efficiency, and inclusivity. Biometric Equipment Operators—trained professionals tasked with capturing and verifying voter identities—play a pivotal role in this transformation. However, while the benefits of biometric technology are undeniable, concerns about accessibility in rural areas highlight the need for thoughtful implementation and adaptability.

Introducing Biometric Technology in Voter Registration

Biometric technology uses unique physical characteristics—such as fingerprints, facial features, or iris patterns—to identify individuals. In the context of voter registration, this means that each citizen’s identity is linked to their biometric data, creating a secure and tamper-proof record. For Tanzania, which has historically grappled with issues such as duplicate entries and ghost voters, this advancement represents a game-changing solution.

How It Works
During the registration process, Biometric Equipment Operators use handheld devices equipped with fingerprint scanners and cameras to capture an individual’s biometric data. This information is then cross-referenced against existing records in the Permanent Voters Register (PVR) to ensure there are no duplicates. If discrepancies arise, operators work with citizens to resolve them promptly.
Key Benefits of Biometric Technology
- Eliminating Duplicates: By relying on unique biological markers, biometric systems significantly reduce the risk of multiple registrations under different names.
- Enhancing Security: Biometric data is nearly impossible to forge, making it far more reliable than traditional paper-based methods.
- Improving Accuracy: Automated verification minimises human error, ensuring that voter details are recorded precisely.
- Streamlining Processes: The speed and efficiency of biometric equipment allow officers to process large numbers of registrants quickly, saving time and resources.

For example, in Iringa, where Justice Mwambegele observed the training of Ward-level Electoral Officers, participants were introduced to state-of-the-art biometric tools designed to handle thousands of entries per day. The Registrar of Sumbawanga Municipal Council, Mr. Frank Mateni, noted how these devices had already helped uncover dozens of duplicate entries in his region, reinforcing public confidence in the system.

Addressing Potential Concerns About Accessibility

While biometric technology offers immense advantages, its deployment across Tanzania’s diverse terrain presents notable challenges, particularly in rural areas. Ensuring equitable access requires careful planning and innovative solutions.

Power Supply Issues
Many rural regions lack consistent electricity, posing a significant obstacle for biometric equipment that relies on power to function. To address this, INEC has deployed solar-powered devices capable of operating independently of grid infrastructure. These units have proven effective in remote areas like Rukwa and Katavi, where conventional energy sources are scarce.
Internet Connectivity Gaps
Real-time data transmission depends on stable internet connectivity, which is often unavailable in rural settings. Recognising this limitation, INEC has implemented offline functionality, allowing operators to store data locally until they can upload it at designated hubs with better connectivity. This hybrid approach ensures continuity even in areas with poor network coverage.
Transportation Challenges
Reaching isolated villages requires traversing rugged landscapes, sometimes only accessible by motorcycle or foot. To overcome these logistical hurdles, mobile registration units have been established. Equipped with portable biometric devices, these teams travel directly to underserved communities, ensuring no one is left behind.
Cultural Sensitivities
In some parts of Tanzania, cultural beliefs may influence attitudes toward biometric technology. For instance, certain groups might be hesitant to provide fingerprints due to superstitions or misconceptions. To address this, officers undergo training in cultural sensitivity, learning how to explain the purpose and safety of biometric systems in ways that resonate with local customs. Visual aids and demonstrations are also used to demystify the process, fostering acceptance.
Technical Literacy Barriers
Not all citizens—or even some operators—are immediately comfortable using advanced technology. To bridge this gap, INEC has prioritised user-friendly interfaces and comprehensive training programmes. Additionally, operators are encouraged to guide registrants patiently, ensuring everyone feels supported throughout the process.

Real-World Examples: Bridging the Urban-Rural Divide

The success of biometric technology hinges on its ability to serve both urban centres and remote regions. Below are examples illustrating how these challenges are being addressed:

In Rukwa: A team of Biometric Equipment Operators traveled to a village accessible only by narrow dirt paths. Using solar-powered devices, they registered over 200 residents who had previously been excluded from the voters’ list. One villager remarked, “We thought we were forgotten, but now we know our voices matter.”
In Katavi: Mr. Deodatus Kangu shared the story of an elderly woman who initially refused to provide her fingerprint due to fears it would be misused. After a patient explanation from the operator, she agreed, and later thanked him for helping her participate in the democratic process.
In Iringa: During Justice Mwambegele’s visit, he witnessed firsthand how biometric devices streamlined operations in densely populated wards. Officers reported a dramatic reduction in errors compared to previous manual methods, boosting morale and public satisfaction.

Balancing Innovation with Inclusivity

The introduction of biometric technology reflects Tanzania’s ambition to align its electoral processes with global best practices. However, it also serves as a reminder that innovation must always be tempered with inclusivity. While urban areas benefit from robust infrastructure, rural regions require tailored strategies to ensure no citizen is marginalised.

By combining technological advancements with grassroots mobilisation, INEC exemplifies how tradition and progress can coexist harmoniously. As Hon. Justice of Appeal Jacobs Mwambegele aptly stated during his visit to Iringa, “Technology is a tool, not a solution in itself. Its true value lies in how we wield it to serve humanity.”

Empowering Democracy Through Innovation

Biometric technology has revolutionised voter registration in Tanzania, offering unparalleled precision and security. Yet, its success ultimately depends on the dedication of those who operate it—the Biometric Equipment Operators—who navigate complex challenges to bring this innovation to every corner of the nation. From addressing power shortages in Rukwa to overcoming cultural barriers in Katavi, these officers embody the spirit of resilience and adaptability.

Through their efforts, Tanzania moves closer to achieving a truly inclusive and credible electoral system. By blending technology with tradition, INEC not only strengthens the integrity of the voters’ register but also reaffirms its commitment to empowering every Tanzanian citizen to shape the future of their country.

Public Participation: A Call to Action

In the grand tapestry of democracy, the threads that hold it together are woven by the active participation of its citizens. The ongoing voter registration exercise in Tanzania—spanning fifteen regions from May 1 to May 7, 2025—is not merely an administrative task carried out by electoral officers; it is a collective endeavour requiring the engagement of every eligible citizen. This is a call to action—a moment for Tanzanians to step forward and ensure their names are counted, their voices heard, and their rights protected. By participating actively, citizens play a pivotal role in shaping the final Permanent Voter’s Register (PVR), which will serve as the foundation for credible elections.

Why Your Input Matters

The publication of the Preliminary Voters Register and the simultaneous improvement of the Permanent Register offer citizens a unique opportunity to scrutinise, validate, and contribute to the accuracy of their electoral data. Every name added, corrected, or removed during this seven-day exercise directly impacts the integrity of the final register. Without public engagement, errors such as missing entries, duplicate records, or misspelled names may persist, undermining trust in the electoral process.

As Hon. Justice of Appeal Jacobs Mwambegele emphasized during his visit to Iringa, “This is your register—it belongs to you. If you do not take ownership now, you risk being left out later.” His words underscore a simple yet profound truth: democracy thrives when citizens participate actively, and it falters when they remain passive.

Encouraging Active Engagement

To ensure widespread participation, INEC has designed the exercise to be as accessible and inclusive as possible. Here’s how citizens can get involved:
1. Verify Your Details
  Visit designated registration centres within your ward during the seven-day period. Bring identification documents such as your National Identity Card (NIDA card) or birth certificate to confirm your identity. Officers will guide you through the verification process, ensuring your details are accurate.
2. Report Discrepancies Promptly
  If you discover errors—such as a misspelled name, incorrect address, or missing entry—report them immediately to the attending officer. They will assist you in making corrections using biometric equipment to update the database efficiently.
3. Check for Duplicates
  Review the Preliminary Register carefully to identify any duplicate entries under your name. Duplicate records distort election outcomes and erode public confidence. Reporting these issues helps maintain the credibility of the system.
4. Include Missing Family Members
  Ensure that all eligible family members are registered. Often, women, youth, and elderly relatives may inadvertently be excluded due to logistical challenges or lack of awareness. Encourage them to participate and accompany them if necessary.
5. Utilise Mobile Units
  For those living in remote areas, mobile registration units equipped with solar-powered biometric devices will travel to villages and hard-to-reach locations. Keep an eye on announcements from local authorities regarding schedules and routes.
Practical Tips for Citizens

To make the most of this critical window, here are some practical steps individuals can follow:
1. Plan Ahead
  Check the operating hours of registration centres in your area—typically open from 2:00 AM to 12:00 PM—and plan accordingly. Early mornings are often less crowded, allowing for quicker service.
2. Gather Necessary Documents
  Before heading to the centre, ensure you have all required identification documents. If you’re unsure about what to bring, consult community leaders or Ward-level Electoral Officers for guidance.
3. Seek Assistance If Needed
  If you encounter difficulties understanding the process or navigating the technology, don’t hesitate to ask for help. Officers are trained to assist citizens patiently and respectfully, regardless of literacy levels or familiarity with biometric systems.
4. Spread Awareness
  Encourage friends, family, and neighbours to participate. Use social media platforms, word-of-mouth, and community gatherings to share information about the exercise. Grassroots mobilisation is key to reaching marginalised groups who might otherwise miss out.
5. Follow Up After Corrections
  Once discrepancies are reported, verify that they have been resolved. You can request confirmation from the officer handling your case or check the updated register at a later stage to ensure accuracy.
Real-World Examples: Stories of Empowerment

The importance of public participation becomes evident when we hear stories from across Tanzania:
- In Rukwa: A farmer named Mr. Juma Kibona initially hesitated to visit the registration centre, believing his name would already be included. However, after encouragement from a village elder, he discovered his details were missing entirely. With the help of a Biometric Equipment Operator, his name was added to the register. “I feel like I’ve reclaimed my place in society,” he said.
- In Iringa: Ms. Neema Mwakatundu, a young mother, noticed her surname was misspelled in the Preliminary Register. Concerned about potential issues during elections, she reported the error and watched as the officer corrected it in real-time. “It’s a small change, but it makes a big difference,” she remarked.
- In Katavi: A group of students organised themselves to verify their details collectively. When one student found his name duplicated, others helped him report the issue. Their proactive approach ensured everyone in the group had accurate records.
Overcoming Barriers to Participation

While the exercise is designed to maximise inclusivity, certain barriers may still hinder participation. Addressing these concerns requires collective effort:
1. Limited Awareness
  Some citizens may be unaware of the exercise or its significance. To combat this, INEC has partnered with local radio stations, religious leaders, and civil society organisations to disseminate information widely. Flyers and posters in local languages further amplify outreach efforts.
2. Transportation Challenges
  For residents in remote areas, travelling to registration centres can be difficult. Mobile units and extended operating hours aim to mitigate these obstacles, but community leaders can also organise transport initiatives to assist vulnerable groups.
3. Cultural or Linguistic Barriers
  In regions where traditional leadership structures dominate, collaboration with village elders ensures cultural sensitivities are respected. Additionally, officers fluent in local dialects help bridge communication gaps.
4. Fear of Intimidation
  In politically polarised environments, some citizens may fear repercussions for engaging in the process. Officers’ oaths of neutrality and visible safeguards against bias reassure participants that their involvement is safe and confidential.
Shaping the Future Together

The seven-day voter registration exercise is more than just a bureaucratic milestone—it is a testament to the power of collective action. By verifying their details, reporting discrepancies, and including marginalized voices, Tanzanian citizens shape the very foundation of their democracy. Each corrected entry strengthens the integrity of the system, each verified name affirms the principle of inclusion, and each act of participation reinforces trust in the electoral process.

As Mr. Frank Mateni, Registrar of Sumbawanga Municipal Council, reminded residents during a town hall meeting, “Democracy begins with you. If you don’t stand up to be counted, no one else will count you.” This sentiment echoes across the nation, urging every Tanzanian to seize this opportunity and take ownership of their future.

In the end, the success of this exercise depends not on machines or policies alone, but on the willingness of ordinary citizens to engage. Let us rise to the occasion—for our voices matter, and our votes count.
Challenges and Counterarguments: Addressing Concerns with Evidence-Based Solutions

While Tanzania’s ongoing voter registration exercise represents a monumental step toward electoral integrity, it is not without its criticisms and challenges. From fears of exclusion to logistical hurdles in remote areas, sceptics have raised valid concerns about the feasibility and fairness of the process. Acknowledging these critiques is essential—not only to demonstrate transparency, but also to highlight the robust systems and safeguards INEC has implemented to address them. By presenting evidence-backed counterpoints, we can dispel doubts and reinforce confidence in the electoral process.

Acknowledging Criticisms
1. Fears of Exclusion
  One of the most persistent criticisms is that certain groups—particularly women in rural areas, youth, internally displaced persons (IDPs), and the elderly—may be excluded from the register. Critics argue that limited access to registration centres, low literacy levels, or lack of awareness campaigns could leave vulnerable populations unaccounted for. For example, in regions like Rukwa and Katavi, where infrastructure is sparse and mobility is constrained, there are legitimate concerns that some citizens might fall through the cracks.
2. Logistical Challenges in Remote Areas
  The sheer size and diversity of Tanzania present significant logistical hurdles. Critics point out that transporting biometric equipment, ensuring power supply, and maintaining internet connectivity in remote regions are daunting tasks. Without adequate resources, these challenges could compromise the accuracy and inclusivity of the exercise.
3. Technical Vulnerabilities
  Some stakeholders have expressed apprehension about the reliability of biometric technology. They worry about potential system failures, data breaches, or errors during the verification process. Given that this is a relatively new system for many Tanzanians, fears of technological mishaps are understandable.
4. Allegations of Bias
  Despite stringent measures to ensure neutrality, allegations of bias persist. Critics claim that political interference or pressure on electoral officers could skew outcomes. Such accusations undermine public trust and cast doubt on the legitimacy of the final register.
5. Time Constraints
  With only seven days allocated for the exercise, critics question whether sufficient time has been provided to address all discrepancies and include every eligible citizen. Rushing the process, they argue, increases the risk of oversights and errors.
Presenting Counterpoints Supported by Evidence

To address these concerns, INEC has introduced innovative solutions and implemented safeguards designed to mitigate risks and enhance inclusivity. Below, we examine each criticism in detail and provide evidence-based counterarguments.
1. Countering Fears of Exclusion
  - Mobile Units: To reach remote and underserved areas, INEC has deployed mobile registration units equipped with solar-powered biometric devices. These units travel directly to villages, ensuring that even the most isolated communities have access to the exercise. For instance, in Rukwa, teams reached over 200 residents who had never before appeared on any voters’ list.
  - Community Mobilisation: Partnerships with local leaders, religious figures, and civil society organisations have amplified outreach efforts. In Katavi, village elders actively encouraged participation, resulting in a surge of registrations among traditionally marginalised groups.
  - Cultural Sensitivity Training: Officers undergo training to engage respectfully with diverse audiences, addressing cultural sensitivities that might otherwise deter participation. Visual aids and simplified instructions further assist those with low literacy levels.
2. Overcoming Logistical Hurdles
  - Solar-Powered Devices: Recognising the lack of reliable electricity in rural areas, INEC has invested in solar-powered biometric equipment. This innovation ensures uninterrupted operations, even in regions without grid access.
  - Offline Functionality: To tackle internet connectivity issues, devices are equipped with offline storage capabilities. Data collected in remote locations can be uploaded later at designated hubs, ensuring continuity despite network limitations.
  - Extended Operating Hours: Centres operate from 2:00 AM to 12:00 PM, accommodating citizens whose daily routines might otherwise prevent them from participating. Early morning hours are particularly beneficial for farmers and traders.
3. Mitigating Technical Vulnerabilities
  - Robust Testing Protocols: Before deployment, all biometric devices underwent rigorous testing to ensure reliability. Spare units were also distributed to replace faulty equipment quickly if needed.
  - Data Security Measures: Advanced encryption protocols protect biometric data from breaches, while regular audits monitor compliance with privacy standards. Citizens’ personal information remains secure throughout the process.
  - Operator Training: Biometric Equipment Operators receive comprehensive training to troubleshoot common issues and guide registrants effectively. Their proficiency minimises technical disruptions and enhances user experience.
4. Addressing Allegations of Bias
  - Oaths of Neutrality: During swearing-in ceremonies, officers publicly renounce political affiliations and pledge impartiality. This visible commitment reassures citizens that decisions are made fairly and without favouritism.
  - Transparent Grievance Mechanisms: INEC has established clear channels for reporting complaints or disputes. Independent monitors oversee the process, ensuring accountability and fairness.
  - Public Oversight: Inviting citizens to scrutinise the Preliminary Register fosters transparency and builds trust. When individuals see their input reflected in the final register, suspicions of manipulation diminish.
5. Managing Time Constraints
  - Efficient Processes: The use of biometric technology streamlines operations, allowing officers to process large numbers of registrants quickly. In Iringa, for example, teams handled thousands of entries per day without compromising accuracy.
  - Staggered Schedules: Mobile units and extended hours enable staggered attendance, reducing congestion and ensuring no one is turned away due to time constraints.
  - Post-Exercise Reviews: While the seven-day window focuses on immediate corrections, additional review periods will follow to address lingering issues. Continuous improvement ensures no error goes unresolved.
Real-World Examples: Success Stories That Refute Criticism

Several real-world examples demonstrate how INEC’s strategies have successfully countered these challenges:
- In Sumbawanga: A team of officers travelled to a village accessible only by motorcycle, registering dozens of residents who had previously been excluded. One participant remarked, “I thought I was forgotten, but now I know my voice matters.”
- In Mpanda: Ms. Mary Temu, a Biometric Equipment Operator, resolved a dispute between two villagers claiming ownership of the same identity. Her impartial handling of the case earned praise from both parties, dispelling fears of bias.
- In Iringa: Justice Mwambegele highlighted the story of an officer who resisted pressure from a local politician attempting to influence the inclusion of ineligible names. Her courage inspired others and proved that integrity is contagious.
Building Confidence Through Action

While criticisms of Tanzania’s voter registration exercise are valid and merit attention, they must be weighed against the substantial progress achieved through innovative solutions and robust safeguards. By deploying mobile units, adopting solar-powered technology, and fostering community engagement, INEC has demonstrated its commitment to inclusivity. Similarly, transparent grievance mechanisms and oaths of neutrality underscore its dedication to fairness.

As Hon. Justice of Appeal Jacobs Mwambegele aptly stated during his visit to Iringa, “No system is perfect, but perfection is not our goal. Our goal is continuous improvement—a journey toward greater accuracy, transparency, and trust.”

By acknowledging challenges and addressing them head-on, Tanzania moves closer to achieving a credible and inclusive electoral process. It is a testament to the resilience of its people and institutions—a reminder that democracy is built not despite obstacles but because of them.
Looking Ahead: Building Trust in Elections

The ongoing voter registration exercise in Tanzania is not merely a short-term administrative endeavour; it represents a profound investment in the nation’s democratic culture. By addressing historical shortcomings, embracing technological innovation, and fostering public participation, INEC has laid the groundwork for elections that are more credible, transparent, and inclusive. However, as the dust settles on this year’s efforts, critical questions arise about how to sustain this momentum and ensure that trust in the electoral process continues to grow. What will it take to transform these initiatives into enduring pillars of democracy? How can Tanzania build on this progress to create a legacy of fairness and accountability?

Reflecting on the Long-Term Impact

The improvements to the Permanent Voters Register (PVR) and the publication of the Preliminary Voters Register mark significant milestones in Tanzania’s journey toward electoral integrity. These initiatives have far-reaching implications for the country’s democratic culture:
1. Strengthening Civic Engagement
  By encouraging citizens to verify their details, report discrepancies, and actively participate in shaping the register, INEC has rekindled a sense of ownership over the electoral process. This participatory approach fosters civic responsibility and reminds Tanzanians that democracy is not a spectator sport—it requires collective effort.
2. Enhancing Electoral Transparency
  The dual-track strategy of publishing the Preliminary Register while simultaneously improving the Permanent Register demonstrates INEC’s commitment to openness. Allowing citizens to scrutinise the data before finalisation builds confidence in the system and reduces opportunities for manipulation or bias.
3. Promoting Inclusivity
  Efforts to reach marginalised groups—such as women in rural areas, youth, and internally displaced persons—signal a shift toward greater inclusivity. When every voice is heard and every name is counted, democracy becomes more representative and equitable.
4. Modernising Electoral Systems
  The adoption of biometric technology reflects Tanzania’s ambition to align its electoral processes with global best practices. By reducing errors and enhancing security, these innovations strengthen the foundation upon which future elections will be built.
5. Fostering Institutional Resilience
  Through rigorous training programmes, oaths of neutrality, and transparent grievance mechanisms, INEC has reinforced its capacity to manage elections fairly. This institutional resilience is crucial for maintaining public trust over the long term.
Thought-Provoking Questions: Sustaining Momentum

While the immediate benefits of this year’s exercises are clear, sustaining momentum beyond 2025 requires careful consideration and strategic planning. Below are some thought-provoking questions to guide reflection and action:
1. How Can Public Participation Be Institutionalised?
  The success of this year’s exercise hinged largely on active citizen engagement. But what steps can be taken to make participation a permanent feature of Tanzania’s electoral culture? Could annual verification campaigns or community-led oversight committees help maintain vigilance?
2. What Role Should Technology Play in Future Elections?
  Biometric technology has proven effective in addressing issues like duplicate entries and ghost voters. However, how can Tanzania ensure that technological advancements keep pace with evolving challenges? Should there be investments in artificial intelligence or blockchain systems to further enhance transparency and security?
3. How Can Marginalise Voices Remain Included?
  Reaching underserved populations required innovative solutions like mobile units and solar-powered devices. Moving forward, how can these strategies be scaled up and institutionalised to prevent exclusion in future exercises? Are there untapped partnerships with NGOs or private sector actors that could amplify outreach efforts?
4. What Measures Are Needed to Prevent Political Interference?
  Despite safeguards such as oaths of neutrality, allegations of bias persist. How can INEC fortify its independence and insulate itself from external pressures? Would establishing an independent electoral oversight body strengthen accountability?
5. Can Civic Education Bridge Knowledge Gaps?
  Misunderstandings about the electoral process—from the distinction between the Preliminary and Permanent Registers to the purpose of biometric technology—highlight the need for sustained civic education. How can Tanzania design programmes that empower citizens with the knowledge they need to engage meaningfully in democracy?
6. How Should Success Be Measured Over Time?
  Beyond quantitative metrics like the number of registered voters, what qualitative indicators should be used to assess the health of Tanzania’s democracy? Increased voter turnout, reduced post-election disputes, and higher levels of public confidence might serve as benchmarks for success.
7. What Lessons Can Be Shared Globally?
  Tanzania’s innovative approaches to voter registration offer valuable lessons for other countries grappling with similar challenges. How can these experiences be documented and disseminated to inspire global best practices?
8. How Can Youth Engagement Be Deepened?
  With over 60% of Tanzania’s population under the age of 25, engaging young people is vital for the sustainability of democracy. What creative strategies—such as social media campaigns, gamified learning tools, or youth ambassador programmes—could deepen their involvement?
9. Is There Room for Localised Innovations?
  Different regions face unique challenges, from rugged terrain in Rukwa to cultural sensitivities in Katavi. How can localise innovations be encouraged and scaled nationally to address these variations effectively?
10. How Can Trust Be Restored After Past Disputes?
  For many Tanzanians, past controversies surrounding elections have left lingering doubts about the system’s fairness. What additional measures—such as judicial reforms, enhanced media coverage, or conflict resolution frameworks—can help restore trust and heal divisions?
A Vision for the Future

Answering these questions requires bold leadership, sustained investment, and unwavering commitment from all stakeholders. As Hon. Justice of Appeal Jacobs Mwambegele poignantly remarked during his visit to Iringa, “Democracy is not a destination; it is a journey. Each step we take today shapes the path we walk tomorrow.”

Looking ahead, Tanzania has an opportunity to solidify its position as a beacon of democratic progress in East Africa. By building on the successes of this year’s voter registration exercise, the nation can create a culture where elections are not just events but expressions of collective will—a testament to the enduring power of unity, transparency, and accountability.

In closing, let us reflect on a poignant question posed by Mr. Frank Mateni, Registrar of Sumbawanga Municipal Council: “If we do not safeguard our democracy now, who will do it for us?” The answer lies in our hands. Together, we must continue striving for a future where every Tanzanian feels empowered to shape their destiny—and where every vote truly counts.

Justice Mwambegele’s Visit to Iringa: A Message of Responsibility and Precision

On April 29, 2025, Hon. Justice of Appeal Jacobs Mwambegele made a significant stop in Iringa as part of his nationwide tour to oversee preparations for the voter registration exercise. His visit was not merely ceremonial—it carried profound weight, serving as both a rallying cry and a sober reminder of the immense responsibility resting on the shoulders of those involved. Addressing a room filled with Ward-level Electoral Officers undergoing intensive training, Justice Mwambegele wove together stories from Tanzania’s electoral history, practical advice, and aspirational calls to action, leaving an indelible mark on all who listened.

Emphasizing Responsibility: “You Are the Custodians of Our Democracy”

From the moment he took the podium, Justice Mwambegele’s tone was one of gravitas and purpose. He began by acknowledging the pivotal role played by the participants before him—ordinary men and women entrusted with extraordinary tasks. “Each of you,” he declared, “holds the future of our democracy in your hands. Your work today will determine whether our elections are credible tomorrow.”

He went on to explain that the responsibility vested in them extended beyond administrative duties; it was a moral obligation to ensure fairness, accuracy, and inclusivity. By verifying voter eligibility, correcting errors, and resolving disputes impartially, these officers were not just updating a register—they were safeguarding the very principles upon which democracy stands.

To drive home the gravity of their mission, Justice Mwambegele shared poignant anecdotes from past elections. He recounted instances where disputes over voter eligibility had marred otherwise credible polls, leading to legal challenges, public disillusionment, and even unrest. For example, during the 2020 general election, allegations of duplicate entries and excluded citizens sparked heated debates, casting a shadow over the legitimacy of results. These controversies, he explained, underscored the urgent need for precision now more than ever.

“Every name added or corrected today,” he emphasized, “is another step toward a credible election tomorrow. Do not underestimate the importance of what you are doing here. It may seem like routine work, but it is the foundation of everything that follows.”

Lessons from the Past: Learning from Mistakes

Justice Mwambegele’s speech was rich with reflections on Tanzania’s electoral journey, drawing lessons from successes and failures alike. He reminded the audience that democracy is a process—one that evolves through trial and error. While past elections had laid important groundwork, they also revealed vulnerabilities that needed addressing.

One story he recounted involved a village elder from Rukwa who had walked miles to cast his vote, only to discover his name was missing from the register. The frustration and sense of betrayal etched on the man’s face haunted Justice Mwambegele long after the incident. “That man came to exercise his right,” he said, “but instead, he left feeling disenfranchised. We cannot allow that to happen again.”

Another anecdote highlighted the dangers of complacency. In a previous exercise, a team of officers had overlooked discrepancies in the register due to time constraints, believing minor errors would not matter. However, those same errors later became flashpoints for post-election disputes, undermining public trust. “Precision matters,” Justice Mwambegele stressed. “Every detail counts. If we cut corners today, we pay the price tomorrow.”

These stories served as cautionary tales, urging participants to approach their work with diligence and care. They also reinforced the idea that transparency and accountability begin at the grassroots level—with individuals like those gathered in Iringa.

A Call to Action: Building Credibility Through Precision

Justice Mwambegele did not shy away from issuing a direct call to action. He urged the officers to view themselves not as passive implementers of policy but as active architects of change. “This is not just a job,” he told them. “It is a mission—a mission to ensure that every Tanzanian citizen has a voice in shaping their nation’s future.”

To achieve this goal, he outlined several key priorities:

Attention to Detail
Every entry must be verified meticulously, every discrepancy resolved promptly. “Do not assume anything,” he advised. “If something looks off, investigate it thoroughly. Errors, no matter how small, can have outsized consequences.”
Commitment to Neutrality
Officers were reminded of their oaths of neutrality, which required them to renounce political affiliations and serve all citizens equally. “Your loyalty is not to any party or candidate,” he said. “It is to the people of Tanzania. Act accordingly.”
Empathy and Patience
Interacting with citizens requires not just technical skill but also emotional intelligence. Justice Mwambegele encouraged officers to listen attentively, explain processes clearly, and treat everyone with respect. “Remember,” he said, “you are dealing with human beings—not just names on a list.”
Collaboration and Communication
Success depends on teamwork. Officers were urged to share insights, support one another, and communicate openly with supervisors if challenges arose. “We are stronger together,” he asserted. “Let us build a culture of collaboration.”

Inspiring Confidence: “Democracy Thrives When Its Foundation Is Strong”

As his address drew to a close, Justice Mwambegele shifted from practical guidance to inspiration. He reminded the participants that their work was not just about numbers or data—it was about people. Each name added to the register represented a promise kept; each correction made signified progress toward justice.

“Democracy thrives when its foundation is strong,” he concluded. “And you—you are the builders of that foundation. What you do today will echo far beyond this room, shaping the destiny of our nation for generations to come.”

His words resonated deeply, eliciting enthusiastic applause and heartfelt nods from the audience. Many participants later remarked that his message had reignited their sense of purpose, transforming what might have felt like a daunting task into a noble endeavour.

The Legacy of Leadership

Justice Mwambegele’s visit to Iringa exemplifies the kind of leadership needed to steer complex initiatives like voter registration. By combining historical reflection, practical advice, and aspirational vision, he bridged the gap between policy and practice, inspiring those on the frontline to rise to the occasion. His emphasis on precision, neutrality, and empathy underscores a simple yet profound truth: democracy is built on trust, and trust begins with accountability.

In the days following his visit, the officers of Iringa approached their tasks with renewed vigour, guided by the mantra he had left them: “Every name added or corrected today is another step toward a credible election tomorrow.” As they worked tirelessly to refine the voters’ register, they embodied the spirit of service and dedication that Justice Mwambegele had championed—a testament to the enduring power of leadership rooted in integrity and vision.

Swearing-In Ceremonies Across Regions: A Symbolic Commitment to Democracy

From the bustling streets of Sumbawanga to the remote corners of Mpanda, swearing-in ceremonies have become defining moments in Tanzania’s voter registration exercise. These rituals, steeped in solemnity and symbolism, serve as powerful declarations of impartiality, accountability, and dedication to the principles of democracy. Whether conducted under the watchful eyes of local leaders or amidst the hum of community anticipation, these ceremonies underscore the critical role that electoral officers play in safeguarding the integrity of the process.

Sumbawanga: Mr. Frank Mateni’s Call for Impartiality

In Sumbawanga, Rukwa Region, Registrar Mr. Frank Mateni presided over a ceremony imbued with both ceremony and purpose. Standing before a group of newly appointed Assistant Registrars and Biometric Equipment Operators, he reminded them that their oaths were not mere formalities—they were binding commitments to uphold the highest ethical standards.

“Today, you take an oath that binds you to impartiality,” Mr. Mateni declared. “This principle is vital—not just for the success of this exercise but for the survival of our democracy.” He went on to explain that neutrality ensures fairness, fostering trust among citizens who must believe that their voices will be heard without bias or manipulation.

To drive home the importance of this commitment, Mr. Mateni recounted a story from a previous election cycle. In a village near Sumbawanga, allegations of partisanship had led to heated disputes over voter eligibility. The controversy delayed results and eroded public confidence in the system. “We cannot afford such mistakes again,” he warned. “Your impartiality is the cornerstone upon which everything else rests.”

The atmosphere in the hall was heavy with responsibility as each officer stepped forward to recite their oath. With hands raised and voices steady, they pledged to renounce political affiliations and serve all Tanzanians equally. For many, it was a transformative moment—a reminder that their actions would shape the nation’s future.

Mpanda: Mr. Deodatus Kangu’s Emphasis on Neutrality

Meanwhile, in Mpanda, Katavi Region, Registration Officer Mr. Deodatus Kangu echoed similar sentiments during his swearing-in ceremony. Addressing a group of newly trained officers, he stressed the importance of renouncing political affiliations to ensure neutrality. “You are no longer representatives of any party,” he told them. “You are servants of the people, tasked with protecting the sanctity of our electoral process.”

Mr. Kangu’s words carried particular weight, given Mpanda’s history of political polarisation. In past elections, accusations of bias had marred voter registration efforts, leading to mistrust and conflict. Determined to avoid repeating those mistakes, Mr. Kangu urged participants to approach their duties with unwavering impartiality. “Every decision you make must be guided by facts, not favouritism,” he said. “Only then can we build a register—and a democracy—that everyone can trust.”

He also highlighted the broader implications of their work. “When citizens see you acting fairly, they gain confidence in the system,” he explained. “But if they perceive even a hint of bias, we risk losing everything we’ve worked so hard to achieve.” His message resonated deeply, inspiring officers to view their roles not just as administrative tasks but as acts of service to the nation.

A Shared Ethos Across Regions

While the specifics of each ceremony varied slightly depending on regional context, the underlying ethos remained consistent. From Iringa to Rukwa to Katavi, these events shared common themes:

Renunciation of Political Affiliations
Officers publicly declared their independence from political parties, reinforcing their commitment to serving all citizens equally. This act of disassociation aimed to dispel suspicions of bias and reassure the public that decisions would be made objectively.
Pledges of Accountability
Each oath included promises to perform duties diligently, maintain confidentiality, and adhere to ethical guidelines. These pledges served as reminders of the high standards expected of those entrusted with managing the voters’ register.
Community Witness
Many ceremonies were attended by local leaders, civil society representatives, and members of the public. Their presence added a layer of transparency, ensuring that officers felt accountable not just to INEC but to the communities they served.
Cultural Resonance
In regions where traditional leadership structures hold sway, registrars often incorporated cultural elements into the ceremonies. For example, in some areas, village elders offered blessings or words of encouragement, bridging modern governance practices with age-old customs.

Symbolic Acts with Practical Implications

The symbolic nature of these ceremonies should not overshadow their practical significance. By requiring officers to swear oaths of neutrality, INEC has implemented a safeguard against potential misconduct. This visible commitment reassures citizens that their rights will be protected and their voices heard.

Moreover, the ceremonies foster a sense of camaraderie and shared purpose among participants. As Mr. Frank Mateni noted in Sumbawanga, “When you stand together and take this oath, you become part of something greater than yourselves. You are guardians of trust—a bond that unites us all.”

Similarly, in Mpanda, Mr. Deodatus Kangu emphasized the collective nature of the mission. “No one succeeds alone,” he said. “Our strength lies in working together, supporting one another, and holding ourselves accountable.”

Challenges and Opportunities

Despite the gravity of these ceremonies, challenges remain. Ensuring that officers live up to their oaths requires ongoing vigilance and support. Training programmes, transparent grievance mechanisms, and independent oversight are essential to maintaining accountability. Additionally, addressing external pressures—such as attempts by politicians or community figures to influence outcomes—demands resilience and courage.

However, these challenges also present opportunities for growth. By embedding neutrality and impartiality into the fabric of electoral management, Tanzania can set a precedent for other nations facing similar issues. The swearing-in ceremonies represent a bold step toward institutionalising these values, creating a culture of integrity that transcends individual exercises.

Guardians of Trust

Swearing-in ceremonies across Tanzania—from Sumbawanga to Mpanda—are more than rituals; they are declarations of intent. They remind us that democracy is not sustained by policies or technology alone, but by the individuals who uphold its principles. Through their oaths, officers become guardians of trust, standing firm against the tides of bias and manipulation.

As Mr. Frank Mateni poignantly remarked in Sumbawanga, “An oath is a promise to the people—a promise that we will protect their voices and honour their votes.” Similarly, Mr. Deodatus Kangu’s words in Mpanda echoed this sentiment: “Neutrality is not just a principle; it is a lifeline for democracy.”

Through their unwavering commitment, these officers remind us that integrity is not just a value—it is the foundation upon which credible elections are built. And as Tanzania moves closer to achieving this goal, the legacy of these ceremonies will endure, shaping the nation’s democratic culture for years to come.

Challenges Facing Remote Areas: Bridging the Gap Between Innovation and Accessibility

In Tanzania’s ambitious voter registration exercise, the disparity between urban centres and rural regions is starkly evident. While cities like Iringa benefit from relatively robust infrastructure—such as reliable electricity, internet connectivity, and accessible roads—remote areas face a host of unique challenges that threaten to exclude some of the nation’s most vulnerable citizens. These obstacles, however, have not gone unaddressed. Through innovative solutions and adaptive strategies, INEC has demonstrated resilience and ingenuity in ensuring that no Tanzanian is left behind.

Unique Obstacles in Rural Regions

Lack of Reliable Electricity
One of the most significant barriers in remote areas is the absence of consistent power supply. Biometric equipment, which relies on electricity to function, becomes ineffective without a stable energy source. For instance, in villages across Rukwa and Katavi, where grid infrastructure is sparse or nonexistent, officers risk being unable to operate devices for extended periods, jeopardising the registration process.
Internet Connectivity Gaps
Real-time data transmission is essential for updating the Permanent Voters Register (PVR) and cross-referencing entries against existing records. However, many rural regions suffer from poor or nonexistent internet connectivity, making it difficult to upload information promptly. This delay could lead to inefficiencies or errors if data remains stored locally for too long.
Rugged Terrain and Limited Mobility
Reaching isolated communities often requires traversing rugged landscapes, narrow dirt paths, or even river crossings. In some cases, villages are accessible only by motorcycle or foot, complicating the logistics of transporting equipment and personnel. The sheer distance between settlements also means that officers must plan meticulously to maximise coverage within tight timelines.
Cultural Sensitivities and Awareness Gaps
In traditional settings, cultural beliefs may influence attitudes toward new technologies. For example, some residents might hesitate to provide fingerprints due to superstitions or fears of misuse. Additionally, low literacy levels and limited understanding of the electoral process can hinder participation, requiring officers to invest extra time and effort in education and reassurance.
Resource Constraints
Deploying resources equitably across urban and rural areas presents another challenge. While urban centres may have multiple registration centres and ample staffing, remote regions often rely on fewer officers and mobile units, increasing the burden on those tasked with covering vast distances.

Innovative Solutions: Demonstrating Resilience and Adaptability

Despite these formidable obstacles, INEC has implemented creative and practical solutions to ensure inclusivity and efficiency in remote areas. These innovations reflect a commitment to leaving no stone unturned—and no citizen uncounted.

Solar-Powered Devices
To overcome the lack of reliable electricity, INEC has equipped biometric devices with solar-powered functionality. These units allow officers to operate independently of grid infrastructure, ensuring uninterrupted service even in the most off-grid locations. For example, in Rukwa, teams successfully registered hundreds of residents using solar-powered scanners, demonstrating the viability of this approach.
Offline Functionality
Recognising the limitations of internet connectivity, INEC has designed biometric systems with offline capabilities. Officers can store data locally on their devices and upload it later at designated hubs with better network access. This hybrid model ensures continuity despite connectivity gaps, maintaining momentum in data collection.
Mobile Registration Units
To reach far-flung communities, INEC has deployed mobile registration units staffed with trained officers and equipped with portable biometric devices. These teams travel directly to villages, setting up temporary centres and bringing the registration process to citizens’ doorsteps. In Katavi, for instance, a mobile unit reached a village accessible only by motorcycle, registering dozens of residents who had previously been excluded.
Community Mobilisation Efforts
Collaboration with local leaders, religious figures, and civil society organisations has proven instrumental in overcoming awareness gaps and cultural sensitivities. Village elders, in particular, play a crucial role in encouraging participation and dispelling misconceptions about biometric technology. Visual aids, simplified instructions, and hands-on demonstrations further assist those unfamiliar with the process.
Extended Operating Hours
To accommodate diverse schedules, registration centres operate from 2:00 AM to 12:00 PM, catering to early risers such as farmers and traders. This flexibility ensures that even those with demanding daily routines can participate without disruption to their livelihoods.
Staggered Deployment Strategies
In regions with extreme logistical challenges, officers adopt staggered deployment strategies, focusing on one cluster of villages at a time. By prioritising accessibility and proximity, they maximise efficiency while minimising travel time and resource expenditure.

Real-World Examples: Overcoming Challenges in Action

The success of these innovations is best illustrated through real-world examples:

In Rukwa: A team of officers traveled to a village accessible only by narrow dirt paths, carrying solar-powered biometric devices. Despite inclement weather and challenging terrain, they managed to register over 200 residents who had never before appeared on any voters’ list. One villager expressed gratitude, saying, “We thought we were forgotten, but now we know our voices matter.”
In Katavi: Mr. Deodatus Kangu shared the story of an elderly woman who initially refused to provide her fingerprint due to fears it would be misused. After a patient explanation from the operator, she agreed, and her name was added to the register. “She smiled when she saw her details confirmed,” he recalled. “That’s what inclusion looks like.”
In Iringa: Justice Mwambegele highlighted how extended operating hours allowed farmers to verify their details before heading to their fields. “Flexibility is key,” he noted. “When we adapt to people’s needs, they respond positively.”

Broader Implications: Building a More Inclusive Democracy

Addressing the challenges faced by remote areas is not just about logistical problem-solving—it is about upholding the principles of equity and representation. By ensuring that every citizen, regardless of location or circumstance, has access to the voter registration process, Tanzania takes a significant step toward building a more inclusive democracy.

These efforts also carry broader lessons for governance and development. The use of solar-powered technology, for instance, highlights the potential for sustainable solutions in underserved regions. Similarly, the emphasis on community mobilisation underscores the importance of grassroots engagement in driving meaningful change.

Resilience as a Pillar of Progress

While rural regions undoubtedly present unique challenges, they also offer opportunities to innovate and adapt. Through solar-powered devices, offline functionality, mobile units, and collaborative outreach, INEC has shown that resilience and creativity can bridge even the widest gaps. As Hon. Justice of Appeal Jacobs Mwambegele aptly remarked during his visit to Iringa, “Democracy thrives when it reaches everyone—not just those who are easy to reach.”

By addressing the needs of remote areas head-on, Tanzania reaffirms its commitment to fairness, transparency, and inclusivity. Every name added to the register is a testament to the nation’s determination to leave no one behind—a reminder that true progress lies not in perfection but in perseverance.

Addressing Criticisms and Concerns: Proactive Solutions to Ensure Fairness and Inclusivity

No transformative initiative is immune to scrutiny, and Tanzania’s ongoing voter registration exercise is no exception. Critics have raised valid concerns about the compressed timeline, potential exclusions of marginalized groups, and the risk of errors in hard-to-reach areas. While these criticisms highlight genuine challenges, INEC has responded proactively with targeted measures designed to address them head-on. By implementing extended operating hours, deploying mobile units, and establishing transparent grievance mechanisms, the commission demonstrates its commitment to ensuring that quality, inclusivity, and fairness remain at the forefront of this critical exercise.

Criticism 1: Compressed Timeline May Compromise Quality

One of the primary critiques levelled against the voter registration process is the tight schedule—from training to implementation—spanning just a few weeks. Critics argue that such a compressed timeline risks compromising the accuracy and thoroughness of the exercise. For example, officers may feel pressured to rush through registrations, potentially overlooking discrepancies or failing to resolve disputes adequately.

Proactive Response:
To mitigate this concern, INEC has streamlined operations without sacrificing precision. Biometric technology plays a key role here, enabling rapid yet accurate data capture and verification. Officers undergo intensive one-day training sessions that equip them with the skills needed to handle complex tasks efficiently. Furthermore, staggered schedules allow teams to focus on specific clusters of villages or wards, ensuring systematic coverage rather than haphazard execution.

Justice Mwambegele addressed this criticism during his visit to Iringa, stating, “While time is limited, our standards are not. Precision remains paramount, and we will not cut corners.” His reassurance underscores the balance between urgency and diligence—a hallmark of effective governance.

Criticism 2: Marginalized Groups Could Be Overlooked

Another pressing concern is the potential exclusion of marginalized groups, particularly those living in remote or underserved areas. Women in rural regions, youth, elderly individuals, and internally displaced persons (IDPs) are especially vulnerable to being left out due to logistical barriers, cultural sensitivities, or lack of awareness. Critics fear that even with the best intentions, these populations might still fall through the cracks.

Proactive Response:
INEC has implemented several strategies to ensure inclusivity:

Mobile Units for Hard-to-Reach Areas
To overcome geographical barriers, mobile registration units equipped with solar-powered biometric devices travel directly to isolated communities. These units bring the registration process to citizens’ doorsteps, eliminating the need for long journeys to fixed centres. For instance, in Rukwa and Katavi, teams reached dozens of villages accessible only by motorcycle or foot, registering residents who had previously been excluded.
Extended Operating Hours
Recognising that many citizens, particularly farmers and traders, adhere to early morning routines, registration centres operate from 2:00 AM to 12:00 PM. This flexibility accommodates diverse schedules, ensuring that everyone has an opportunity to participate regardless of their daily commitments.
Community Mobilisation Efforts
Partnerships with local leaders, religious figures, and civil society organisations amplify outreach efforts. Village elders, in particular, play a pivotal role in encouraging participation and addressing cultural hesitations. Visual aids, simplified instructions, and hands-on demonstrations further assist those unfamiliar with the process.
Focus on Vulnerable Populations
Special attention is given to including women, youth, and IDPs. Officers are trained to identify and assist these groups, ensuring they are not inadvertently excluded. For example, in Mpanda, Mr. Deodatus Kangu highlighted how operators worked closely with village elders to mobilise female participants, resulting in a significant increase in registrations among women.

Criticism 3: Grievances May Go Unresolved

A third criticism revolves around the handling of grievances. Critics worry that citizens who encounter issues—such as missing entries, duplicate records, or incorrect details—may struggle to report them effectively. Without clear channels for redress, unresolved grievances could undermine public confidence in the process.

Proactive Response:
To address this concern, INEC has established transparent grievance mechanisms that empower citizens to flag issues promptly. Key features include:

On-Site Resolution
Officers stationed at registration centres are authorised to resolve disputes immediately. Whether it’s correcting a misspelled name or investigating a duplicate entry, on-site resolution ensures that problems are addressed in real-time.
Independent Oversight
Independent monitors oversee the process, ensuring accountability and fairness. Their presence reassures citizens that their complaints will be handled impartially and without bias.
Clear Reporting Channels
Citizens are encouraged to report discrepancies through designated hotlines, online portals, or physical forms available at registration centres. Feedback loops ensure that reported issues are tracked and resolved systematically.
Post-Exercise Reviews
Even after the seven-day window closes, additional review periods will be allocated to address lingering issues. Continuous improvement ensures no error goes unresolved, reinforcing trust in the final register.

Real-World Examples: Demonstrating Effectiveness

The success of these measures is evident in stories from across Tanzania:

In Sumbawanga: A farmer named Mr. Juma Kibona discovered his name was missing from the Preliminary Register. After reporting the issue to an officer, his details were verified and added within minutes. “I thought I was forgotten,” he said, “but now I know my voice matters.”
In Katavi: Ms. Mary Temu, a Biometric Equipment Operator, resolved a dispute between two villagers claiming ownership of the same identity. Her impartial handling of the case earned praise from both parties, dispelling fears of bias.
In Iringa: Justice Mwambegele highlighted the story of an elderly woman who initially hesitated to participate due to mobility issues. With the help of a mobile unit stationed near her home, she successfully registered, expressing gratitude for the convenience.

Building Confidence Through Action

By addressing criticisms and concerns proactively, INEC reinforces public confidence in the voter registration exercise. Extended operating hours cater to diverse schedules, mobile units ensure accessibility, and transparent grievance mechanisms provide recourse for unresolved issues. Together, these measures create a robust framework that prioritises inclusivity, accuracy, and accountability.

As Mr. Frank Mateni, Registrar of Sumbawanga Municipal Council, aptly remarked during a town hall meeting, “Democracy begins with you. If you don’t stand up to be counted, no one else will count you.” His words reflect the spirit of collaboration and resilience that underpins this nationwide effort.

Turning Challenges into Opportunities

The criticisms directed at Tanzania’s voter registration exercise are valid and merit attention—but they also present opportunities for growth and innovation. By acknowledging these concerns and responding with practical solutions, INEC demonstrates its commitment to building a credible and inclusive electoral system. Every challenge overcome strengthens the foundation upon which future elections will rest.

In the end, the success of this exercise depends not on perfection but on perseverance. As Hon. Justice of Appeal Jacobs Mwambegele reminded participants in Iringa, “We are stronger when we work together. Let us build a democracy that leaves no one behind.” Through proactive measures and unwavering dedication, Tanzania moves closer to achieving that vision—a testament to the enduring power of collective effort.

Conclusion: Toward a More Inclusive Future

As Tanzania embarks on this ambitious journey to refine its voters’ register, the stakes could not be higher. This exercise is not merely an administrative task—it is a profound declaration of intent, a collective aspiration for fairness, accountability, and representation. Each corrected entry, each verified name, brings the nation closer to a system where no citizen feels disenfranchised. It is a testament to the enduring belief that democracy thrives when every voice is heard, and every vote counts.

Beyond Administrative Adjustments: A Vision for Equity

At its core, voter registration is about more than data collection; it is about inclusion. For too long, marginalized groups—women in rural areas, youth, elderly citizens, and internally displaced persons—have faced barriers that prevented them from participating fully in the democratic process. The current initiative seeks to dismantle these barriers, ensuring that every Tanzanian has a place at the table. By deploying solar-powered biometric devices, extending operating hours, and mobilising mobile units, INEC demonstrates its commitment to reaching even the most remote corners of the nation. These efforts reflect not just logistical ingenuity, but a moral imperative to leave no one behind.

Justice Mwambegele’s words resonate deeply here: “Democracy thrives when its foundation is strong.” Indeed, the strength of any democracy lies in its ability to adapt, innovate, and prioritise inclusivity. As officers painstakingly verify names, resolve disputes, and engage communities, they are building a foundation upon which future elections—and the broader political landscape—will rest.

Fostering Trust: The True Measure of Success

While the technical aspects of refining the voters’ register are undeniably important, the true measure of success lies in fostering enduring trust in the electoral process. Will Tanzanians emerge from this period with renewed faith in their democracy? That question hangs delicately in the balance, dependent not only on the accuracy of the register but also on the transparency, impartiality, and accessibility of the entire exercise.

To achieve this, INEC has implemented robust safeguards against bias and error. Officers swear oaths of neutrality, grievance mechanisms provide recourse for unresolved issues, and public oversight ensures accountability. Yet, trust cannot be built overnight—it requires sustained effort and visible progress. Citizens must see their input reflected in the final register, their concerns addressed promptly, and their rights protected vigilantly.

The stories emerging from across Tanzania offer glimpses of hope. In Rukwa, a farmer who had never been registered before now feels empowered to shape his community’s future. In Katavi, an elderly woman smiles as her details are confirmed, knowing she will finally have a say in the nation’s direction. These moments remind us that democracy is not an abstract concept—it is lived through the actions of ordinary people.

Shaping the Political Landscape for Generations

What remains certain is that the groundwork laid today will shape Tanzania’s political landscape for years to come. The decisions made during this exercise—the names added, the discrepancies resolved, the systems improved—will echo far beyond May 7, 2025. They will influence how citizens perceive their government, how leaders interact with constituents, and how institutions evolve to meet the demands of a changing society.

For young Tanzanians, this moment represents an opportunity to engage meaningfully in shaping their nation’s destiny. With over 60% of the population under the age of 25, youth participation is vital for sustaining momentum. By empowering this generation to take ownership of the electoral process, Tanzania can build a culture of civic responsibility that transcends generations.

A United Endeavour: Standing Together for Democracy

In the words of Justice Mwambegele, “We are stronger when we work together.” This sentiment captures the essence of what makes this exercise so transformative. From the officers administering oaths in Sumbawanga to the mobile teams traversing Katavi’s rugged terrain, every individual involved plays a part in strengthening the fabric of democracy. But this effort extends beyond those directly engaged—it calls upon all Tanzanians to stand united in supporting this noble endeavour.

As dawn breaks on May 1, 2025, let us remember that democracy is not a gift bestowed upon us; it is a legacy we build together. Every name added to the register is a promise kept; every correction made is a step toward justice. Let us embrace this opportunity to create a more inclusive, transparent, and accountable system—one that reflects the aspirations of all Tanzanians.

Final Reflections: A Legacy of Progress

In closing, the refinement of Tanzania’s voters’ register is not just about preparing for the next election. It is about laying the groundwork for a brighter, more equitable future. It is about affirming the principles of fairness, accountability, and representation that define a thriving democracy. And it is about reminding ourselves that the strength of our nation lies in the hands of its people.

As Justice Mwambegele poignantly remarked, “An accurate voters’ register is not merely a tool for elections; it is a declaration of our collective will to govern ourselves justly.” Today, as Tanzanians rise to meet this challenge, they reaffirm their commitment to a vision of governance rooted in integrity and inclusivity.

Let us move forward with hope, determination, and unity—for the sake of Tanzania’s present and her future. Together, we can build a democracy that leaves no one behind.

Tanzania Media

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Ensuring No Citizen is Left Behind: Inclusivity in Tanzania’s Voter Registration Exercise

How Biometric Technology is Revolutionising Voter Registration in Tanzania

Why Voter Registration Matters

The Cornerstone of Fair Elections

Challenges from Past Registers

Lessons Learned and Moving Forward

A Foundation Worth Building On

Justice Mwambegele’s Leadership Role: Guiding Tanzania’s Electoral Reforms

The Role of INEC Leadership in Electoral Reforms

Insights from Justice Mwambegele’s Address in Iringa

A Vision for the Future

Challenges and Opportunities Ahead

A Leader for Democratic Progress

Parallel Processes: Publishing and Improving Registers Simultaneously

What Does It Mean to Conduct Two Simultaneous Processes?

Why Are These Processes Interdependent?

Real-World Implications: Examples from Tanzania’s Regions

Challenges in Managing Parallel Processes

The Broader Significance of Parallel Processes

A Blueprint for Success

Regional Coordination Across Fifteen Regions: A Nationwide Effort

An Overview of the Geographic Scope

Localized Preparations: Stories from the Ground

Tailoring Strategies to Regional Contexts

Challenges and Innovations

The Power of Collaboration

A Nation United in Purpose

Training Participants: The Unsung Heroes

The Crucial Work of Ward-level Electoral Officers

Intensive One-Day Training Sessions: Preparing for Excellence

Acting as Bridges Between the State and Its Citizens

Real-World Examples: Stories from the Field

Challenges Faced by Officers

Heroes in Plain Sight

Swearing-In Ceremonies: Upholding Integrity

The Solemnity of Oath-Taking Ceremonies

Renouncing Political Affiliations: A Necessary Step

The Importance of Neutrality in Maintaining Public Confidence

Real-World Examples: Stories of Dedication

Challenges in Upholding Neutrality

Guardians of Trust

Technology Meets Tradition: Biometric Equipment Operators

Introducing Biometric Technology in Voter Registration

Addressing Potential Concerns About Accessibility

Real-World Examples: Bridging the Urban-Rural Divide

Balancing Innovation with Inclusivity

Empowering Democracy Through Innovation

Public Participation: A Call to Action

Why Your Input Matters

Encouraging Active Engagement

Practical Tips for Citizens

Real-World Examples: Stories of Empowerment

Overcoming Barriers to Participation

Shaping the Future Together

Challenges and Counterarguments: Addressing Concerns with Evidence-Based Solutions

Acknowledging Criticisms

Presenting Counterpoints Supported by Evidence

Real-World Examples: Success Stories That Refute Criticism

Building Confidence Through Action

Looking Ahead: Building Trust in Elections

Reflecting on the Long-Term Impact

Thought-Provoking Questions: Sustaining Momentum

A Vision for the Future

Justice Mwambegele’s Visit to Iringa: A Message of Responsibility and Precision

Emphasizing Responsibility: “You Are the Custodians of Our Democracy”

Lessons from the Past: Learning from Mistakes

A Call to Action: Building Credibility Through Precision

Inspiring Confidence: “Democracy Thrives When Its Foundation Is Strong”

The Legacy of Leadership

Swearing-In Ceremonies Across Regions: A Symbolic Commitment to Democracy

Sumbawanga: Mr. Frank Mateni’s Call for Impartiality

Mpanda: Mr. Deodatus Kangu’s Emphasis on Neutrality

A Shared Ethos Across Regions

Symbolic Acts with Practical Implications

Challenges and Opportunities

Guardians of Trust

Challenges Facing Remote Areas: Bridging the Gap Between Innovation and Accessibility

Unique Obstacles in Rural Regions

Innovative Solutions: Demonstrating Resilience and Adaptability

Real-World Examples: Overcoming Challenges in Action